Autodesk 3ds max 2018 wikipedia free.Sketchbook (software)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Polygons can, in theory, have any number of sides but are commonly broken down into triangles for display. In general the more triangles in a mesh the more detailed the object is, but the more computationally intensive it is to display. In order to decrease render times i. Computer graphics techniques such as normal and bump mapping have been designed to compensate for the decrease of polygons by making a low poly object appear to contain more detail than it does.

This is done by altering the shading of polygons to contain internal detail which is not in the mesh. A combination of the game engine or rendering method and the computer being used defines the polygon budget ; the number of polygons which can appear in a scene and still be rendered at an acceptable frame rate. Therefore, the use of low poly meshes are mostly confined to computer games and other software a user must manipulate 3D objects in real time because processing power is limited to that of a typical personal computer or games console and the frame rate must be high.

In addition, computer processing power in these situations is typically less limited, often using a large network of computers or what is known as a render farm. Each frame can take hours to create, despite the enormous computer power involved.

A common example of the difference this makes is full motion video sequences in computer games which, because they can be pre-rendered, look much smoother than the games themselves. Models that are said to be low poly often appear blocky and simple while still maintaining the basic shape of what they are meant to represent. With computer graphics getting more powerful, it has become increasingly computationally cheap to render low poly graphics.

Some artists use the resulting low-detail from a low polygon count as an aesthetic rather than as an optimization technique. In addition, there is an element of nostalgia to low poly styles, hearkening to older video game consoles such as the Nintendo 64 or the PlayStation. Since they often achieve a certain retro style , serving as a 3-Dimensional analog to the 2-Dimensional pixel art. There is no defined threshold for a mesh to be low poly; low poly is always a relative term and depends on amongst other factors : [ citation needed ].

As computing power inevitably increases, the number of polygons that can be used increases too. For example, Super Mario 64 would be considered low poly today, but was considered a stunning achievement when it was released in Similarly, in , using hundreds of polygons on a leaf in the background of a scene would be considered high poly, but using that many polygons on the main character would be considered low poly.

In this way, there is a relativism between the importance of objects and their graphical quality. More important objects such as Non-player characters usually contain a higher amount of detail than less important objects, which are often small or in the background, like a blade of grass. This relativism is subverted when low-poly is used as an intentional aesthetic style: every object shares the simplicity that a low number of polygons brings, making the distinction between important features and unimportant features less clear.

Low poly graphics emerged around late as a specific style when content creators began to redefine the difference between high-poly and low-poly. Instead of using a low number of polygons as a necessity, creators like Timothy J. Reynolds recognized how the usage of fewer polygons sharpens the focus on essential artistic elements like form, lighting, and texture.

The low poly style seeks to highlight the idea that the world can be represented by a composition of shapes, which makes it a self aware style that is intentionally vague. Although it has gained some traction in the art world, low-poly is a much more established style in video games, since it serves the dual purpose of reducing development time and giving the game a unique aesthetic style.

The oldest game on the popular game distribution site Steam with the tag “low-poly” is Mirror Moon EP, a space-themed exploration game with an emphasis on the low-poly style, which was released in September In , Richard Whitelock published Into this Wylde Abyss , a short, story driven survival game with a similarly low-poly style. From that point on, the genre expanded quickly. From to , there were titles published on Steam with a low poly tag.

Some of the most notable titles include Superhot , Necropolis , and Grow Up. This is in addition to the almost 1, job cuts announced in January The number of Autodesk employees has shrunk from approximately 9, to 7, in less than 2 years. Autodesk updated to its current logo in September Autodesk Life Sciences is an extensible toolkit for genetic engineering. The tool allows work on molecule-level, rather than nucleobase-level A, C, G, T constructs.

In , all projects were suspended. Autodesk’s manufacturing industry group is headquartered in Portland, Oregon. The company’s manufacturing software is used in various manufacturing segments, including industrial machinery, electro-mechanical, tool and die, industrial equipment, automotive components, and consumer products. Autodesk Media and Entertainment products are designed for digital media creation, management, and delivery, from film and television visual effects, color grading, and editing to animation, game development, and design visualization.

It was established in after Autodesk, Inc. In January , Autodesk acquired Alias, a developer of 3D graphics technology. In October , Autodesk acquired the Softimage brand from Avid. Much of Avatar ‘ s visual effects were created with Autodesk media and entertainment software. Autodesk software enabled Avatar director James Cameron to aim a camera at actors wearing motion-capture suits in a studio and see them as characters in the fictional world of Pandora in the film.

Common applications for environmental sustainable design include mechanical ventilation, external flow wind loading , natural ventilation, and occupant comfort. Other energy applications include analysis for building energy, solar load, advanced energy and heating and cooling.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. American software company. Traded as. Operating income. Net income. Securities and Exchange Commission. September 20, Archived from the original on Retrieved The Autodesk File. Retrieved 5 March Retrieved 25 September Studio Daily. Ars Technica. Wise , F. September 10, February 26, Retrieved May 8, Digital Arts.

March 26, In the Fold. Retrieved September 1, The New York Times. Retrieved 24 June Archived from the original on 3 November Archived from the original on 21 February Archived from the original on 11 January Taume News. Archived from the original on 16 January Archived from the original on 11 May Archived from the original on 21 April Archived from the original on 10 May Archived from the original on September 25, Archived from the original on 26 October Archived from the original on 26 December Archived from the original on 4 October Composites Today.

Retrieved 19 May Hearst Communication. Archived from the original on 16 April Creative Market. Retrieved 9 April Wohlers Talk. Shotgun Software. Archived from the original on February 1, Retrieved January 20, UP Media Group Inc.

 
 

Autodesk 3ds max 2018 wikipedia free. 3ds Max: Create massive worlds and high-quality designs

 

Какой номер вы набираете? – Сеньор Ролдан не потерпит сегодня больше никаких трюков. – 34-62-10, – ответили на другом конце провода. Ролдан нахмурился.

 

Autodesk 3ds Max/Shortcuts – Wikibooks, open books for an open world

 

Autodesk 3ds Max , formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max , is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations , models , games and images.

It is developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. It is frequently used by video game developers , many TV commercial studios, and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie effects and movie pre-visualization. For its modeling and animation tools, the latest version [ which? This version was also originally created by the Yost Group. It was released by Kinetix, which was at that time Autodesk’s division of media and entertainment.

Autodesk purchased the product at the second release update of the 3D Studio MAX version and internalized development entirely over the next two releases.

Later, the product name was changed to “3ds max” all lower case to better comply with the naming conventions of Discreet, a Montreal-based software company which Autodesk had purchased.

When it was re-released release 7 , the product was again branded with the Autodesk logo, and the short name was again changed to “3ds Max” upper and lower case , while the formal product name became the current “Autodesk 3ds Max”. The Data Channel modifier is a versatile tool for automating complex modelling operations. By piping mesh data through a series of controls, you can achieve a huge variety of effects that dynamically update as you make changes.

Many films have made use of 3ds Max, or previous versions of the program under previous names, in CGI animation, such as Avatar and , which contain computer generated graphics from 3ds Max alongside live-action acting.

Mudbox was also used in the final texturing of the set and characters in Avatar, with 3ds Max and Mudbox being closely related. Architectural and engineering design firms use 3ds Max for developing concept art and previsualization.

Educational programs at secondary and tertiary level use 3ds Max in their courses on 3D computer graphics and computer animation. Polygon modeling is more common with game design than any other modeling technique as the very specific control over individual polygons allows for extreme optimization.

Usually, the modeler begins with one of the 3ds max primitives, and using such tools as bevel and extrude , adds detail to and refines the model. Versions 4 and up feature the Editable Polygon object, which simplifies most mesh editing operations, and provides subdivision smoothing at customizable levels see NURMS. Version 7 introduced the edit poly modifier, which allows the use of the tools available in the editable polygon object to be used higher in the modifier stack i.

None of the features have been updated since version 4 and have been ignored by the development teams over the past decade. For example, the updated path deform and the updated normalize spline modifiers in version do not work on NURBS curves anymore as they did in previous versions.

An alternative to polygons, it gives a smoothed out surface that eliminates the straight edges of a polygon model. NURBS is a mathematically exact representation of freeform surfaces like those used for car bodies and ship hulls, which can be exactly reproduced at any resolution whenever needed. Because they are generated mathematically, NURBS objects have a parameter space in addition to the 3D geometric space in which they are displayed.

Specifically, an array of values called knots specifies the extent of influence of each control vertex CV on the curve or surface. Knots are invisible in 3D space and can’t be manipulated directly, but occasionally their behavior affects the visible appearance of the NURBS object. Parameter space is one-dimensional for curves, which have only a single U dimension topologically, even though they exist geometrically in 3D space.

Surfaces have two dimensions in parameter space, called U and V. NURBS curves and surfaces have the important properties of not changing under the standard geometric affine transformations Transforms , or under perspective projections. The CVs have local control of the object: moving a CV or changing its weight does not affect any part of the object beyond the neighboring CVs.

This property can be overridden by using the Soft Selection controls. Also, the control lattice that connects CVs surrounds the surface. This is known as the convex hull property. Surface tool was originally a 3rd party plugin, but Kinetix acquired and included this feature since version 3. It is often seen as an alternative to “mesh” or “nurbs” modeling, as it enables a user to interpolate curved sections with straight geometry for example a hole through a box shape.

Although the surface tool is a useful way to generate parametrically accurate geometry, it lacks the “surface properties” found in the similar Edit Patch modifier, which enables a user to maintain the original parametric geometry whilst being able to adjust “smoothing groups” between faces.

This is a basic method, in which one models something using only boxes, spheres, cones, cylinders and other predefined objects from the list of Predefined Standard Primitives or a list of Predefined Extended Primitives. One may also apply boolean operations, including subtract, cut and connect.

For example, one can make two spheres which will work as blobs that will connect with each other. These are called metaballs. Earlier versions up to and including 3D Studio Max R3. Current versions require online registration. Due to the high price of the commercial version of the program, Autodesk also offers a free student version, which explicitly states that it is to be used for “educational purposes only”.

The student version has identical features to the full version, but is only for single use and cannot be installed on a network. The student license expires after three years, at which time the user, if they are still a student, may download the latest version, thus renewing the license for another three years.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Further information: List of films made with Autodesk 3ds Max. Main article: Polygon modeling. Some of the 3ds Max Primitives as they appear in the wireframe view of 3ds Max 9. Comparison of 3D computer graphics software. Next Generation. Imagine Media. November Archived from the original on October 24, Stack Exchange. November 22, Wikimedia Commons has media related to 3DStudioMax. Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Autodesk 3ds Max.

Comparison Category List 3D modeling 3D rendering. Digital compositing software. Autodesk products. Autodesk Inventor Navisworks. Categories : Autodesk products 3D graphics software 3D animation software Proprietary software that uses Qt Software that uses Qt software. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use mdy dates from September All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with Curlie links.

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Windows 7 and Windows 8. Windows 7 , Windows 8 and Windows 8. Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8. Windows 10 and Windows Produces a rectangular prism.

An alternative variation of box called Cub proportionally constrains the length, width, and height of the box. Cylinder :. Produces a torus — or a ring — with a circular cross section, sometimes referred to as a doughnut.

Produces a Utah teapot. Since the teapot is a parametric object, the user can choose which parts of the teapot to display after creation. These parts include the body, handle, spout and lid. Primarily used to test shaders rendering settings. Produces a special type of flat polygon mesh that can be enlarged by any amount at render time. The user can specify factors to magnify the size or number of segments or both.

Modifiers such as displace can be added to a plane to simulate a hilly terrain. Produces objects from several families of polyhedra. Creates a complex or knotted torus by drawing 2D curves in the normal planes around a 3D curve.

The 3D curve called the Base Curve can be either a circle or a torus knot.

 
 

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Sessions College. Retrieved 9 April Wohlers Talk. Shotgun Software. Archived from the original on February 1, Retrieved January 20, UP Media Group Inc. Retrieved July 10, Autodesk Corporation. The Globe and Mail. The Economic Times. Autodesk News. The Wall Street Journal. Geospatial World. CG Channel. April 12, TCT Magazine. Gardner Business Media. November, August 14, February 13, April 29, February 9, May 30, February 19, February 01, April 25, Business Wire.

April 28, October 11, May 1, Fast Company. Tech Crunch. Digital Media World. Archived from the original on March 21, Boyd February 25, Fast Company. Retrieved 9 August US SEC. December 30, CG Architect Forums. CG Society. Archived from the original on September 9, Flash Magazine. Studio Daily. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

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